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一、径直引语&转折引语的认识

（一）意志径直引语和转折引语

【径直引语】话语东谈主径直援用别东谈主的原话，要打引号

【转折引语】话语东谈主用我方的话把别东谈主的道理转述出来，毋庸打引号。转折引语大大批时候以宾语从句的体式出现。

①Tom said,' I'm afraid that I can't catch the train.'（径直引语）

②Tom said that he was afraid that he couldn't catch the train.

（转折引语）

二、四个变化【东谈主称/时态/状语/语序】

（一）东谈主称变化

回来：

一随主，二随宾，第三东谈主称不变化

✅1.一随主

➡️径直引语中的第一东谈主称凭证转折引语中的主语作相应的变化。如：

She said, 'Ilove swimming very much.'

She said that sheloved swimming very much.

她说她至极心爱游水。

He said, ' Wewill go to school next Monday.'

He said that theywould go to school next Monday.

他说他们下星期也将去上学。

✅2.二随宾

➡️径直引语中的第二东谈主称凭证转折引语中的主句的宾语作相应的变化。如：

Tom asked me, “Are youa teacher? ”

Tom asked me if Iwas a teacher.

汤姆问我是否是别称敦厚。

✅3.第三东谈主称不变化

➡️径直引语中的第三东谈主称在转折引语中不发生变化。如：

Bill said, “She is my elder sister. ”

Bill said that she was his elder sister.

比尔说她是他的姐姐。

（二）时态变化

回来如下：

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Sophie said,' I often get up at 7 o'clock.'

Sophie said that she often got up at 7 o'clock.苏菲说她赓续是7点起床。

My mother answered,' I am watching movies at the theatre.'

My mother answered that she was watching movies at the theater.

我姆妈复兴到她正在电影院看电影。

Anna said ，'I have been in Chongqing for 10 years.'

And said that she had been in Chongqing for 10 years.

安娜说她在重庆也曾待了10年了。

Lucy told me，' I had a hot pot with my boyfriend last night.'

Lucy told me that she had had a hot pot with her boyfriend the night before .

露西告诉我，她昨晚和她男一又友吃了暖锅。

Tom said，' I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow .'

Tom said that he would meet me at the school gate tomorrow the day after.

汤姆说他未来朝晨会和我在学校门口见面。

（三）指令代词，本事/场所状语变化

⏺️指令代词：

this ➡️ that

these ➡️ those

⏺️场所状语：

here ➡️ there

⏺️本事状语：

now ➡️then

today ➡️ that day

tonight ➡️ that night

this week ➡️ that week

yeasterday ➡️ the day before

last week ➡️ the week before

ago ➡️ before

tomorrow ➡️ the day after

next week ➡️ the week next

⚠️⚠️⚠️

还要记着：

come ➡️ go

bring ➡️ take

（四）语序变化

【1】淌若径直引语是汇报句，酿成转折引语时，带领词用that，但在白话中庸碌不祥，时态、东谈主称和状语齐应作相应的变化。如：

Betty said, “I am going to buy a bike tomorrow. ”

Betty said (that) she was going to buy a bike the next day.

贝蒂说她第二天要买一辆自行车。

【2】淌若转折引语是一般疑问句，要用连词whether或if带领，背面用汇报语序，时态、东谈主称和状语齐应作相应的变化

The teacher asked me, “Can you swim? ”→

The teacher asked me whether (if) I could swim.

敦厚问我是否会游水。

【3】淌若径直引语是特殊疑问句，要用相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when等带领，助动词do, does或did要放置，并把疑问语序改为汇报语序

My father asked ，' How do you go to the museum?'→

My father asked me how I go to the museum.

My teacher asked ，'Where did you go?'→

My teacher asked me where I went.

【4】淌若径直引语是祈使句，变为转折引语时多用“名词（代词）+不定式”结构，探究句在to前边加not; 引述动词常用ask“苦求”，tell“告诉”，order“敕令”等

“Please sit down. ” Miss Zhou said to me.→

Miss Zhou asked me to sit down.

周敦厚请我坐下。

“Don’t make any noise. ”my mother told us.→

My mother told us not to make any noise.姆妈告诉咱们别出声。

训练

一、将所给径直引语变为转折引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat,” he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat.2. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3. “I took it home with me,” she said. She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met her the day ______.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there.10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______. 参考谜底：1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rises, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if ,before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if/ whether, I, lived

二、单选题

1. He asked ________ for the violin.

A. did I pay how much

B. I paid how much

C. how much did I pay

D. how much I paid

2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _________.

A. who is he B. who he is

C. who is it D. who it is

3. Can you tell me ________?

A. how good is his spoken English

B. how well his spoken English is

C. how well he speaks English

D. how good he can speak English

4. He said that he had bought the jacket ________.

A. before three days

B. three days before

C. three days ago D. last week

5. Did you say_________?

A. that what he said was true

B. that it was true that he said

C. what did he say was true

D. what he said it was true

6. Please tell me ________ from.

A. where do you come

B. where you come

C. where you will come

D. there you come

7. Ask her ________ come with us.

A. if she willB. if or not she will

C. that if she willD. whether will she

8. She said what a lovely day it _________.

A. is B. was C. has been D. will be

9. —What did she ask you?

—________ she could get to the zoo.

A. Why B. That C. Where D. How

10. John _______ me he was going to help me with my English.

A. explained B. spoke C. told D. said

11. —Mother，the boy is very naughty.

—What did the girl say just now?

—She ________very naughty.

A．said her mother that the boy was B．said to her mother that the boy is

C．told her mother that the boy was D．spoke to her mother that the boy was

12. —Fred, you’ve already got well，haven’t you?

(No answer.)

—Fred, Mrs. White asked ________.

A．if you have already got well, hadn’t you

B．whether you had already got well

C．have I already got well

D．had I already got well

13. Looking at me up and down, he asked me________.

A．am I a music teacher or a singer B．was I a music teacher or a singer

C．whether I was a music teacher or a singer

D．whether was I a music teacher or a singer

14. The young man asked me ________ with me.

A．what the matter is

B．what the matter was

C．what’s the matter

D．what was the matter

15. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.

A．how would I like

B．if or not would I like

C．whether I would like

D．which I would like

参考谜底：

1. D。转折引语（宾语从句）要用汇报句语序，况兼用疑问词带领，是以选D。

2. D。宾语从句要用汇报句语序，抹杀A、C；暗意外面与某事联系系的，不知男女的东谈主一般用it，是以选D。

3. C。宾语从句行使汇报语序，抹杀A；well作形容词时暗意“肉体好的”，“他的英语白话好”应该用good，抹杀B；修饰动词speak，要用副词well，抹杀D，是以选C。

4. B。转折引语暗意“一段本事之前”用before，而毋庸ago，是以选B。选项A是失误抒发；last week 道理是“上周”，在转折引语顶用the week before，道理为“前一周”。

5. A。what he said是主语从句，是was true的主语，而that引出汇报句酿成的转折引语。是以选A。

6. B。凭证句意，宾语从句是特殊疑问句变来的，应该用where带领；宾语从句用汇报语序，而暗意某东谈主来自于某处这种赓续性的现象，多用一般咫尺时，是以选B。

7. A。从ask可知宾语从句时一般疑问句变来的，用if带领；whether or not中的whether不可用if替换；抹杀B；宾语从句用汇报句语序，抹杀D。

8. B。主句谓语是said，用相应的夙昔时，要把径直引语中的一般咫尺时改为一般夙昔时。

9. D。从荆棘文不错猜测答语是不祥了She said的转折引语，从句意可知，清寒带领词how。因为是问句，毋庸that（带领径直引语是汇报句变来的转折引语）。

10. C。say，explain和speak接“某东谈主”时，一般要加to，是以选told，因为told不错接双宾语，即tell sb. to do sth.

11. C。防备say，tell和speak的分裂：say是及物动词，但只可用说出的话作其宾语，即say to sb.sth.；speak是不足物动词，即speak to sb. about sth.；tell是及物动词，可接双宾语，即tell sb.sth.。另外，还要防备时态对应。

12. B。反意疑问句变为转折引语时，要酿成whether或if带领的宾语从句。

13. C。此句所问的话应该是遴荐疑问句，变为转折引语时，要酿成whether... or not。另外，还要防备时态对应和汇报句语序。

14. D。防备该题时态的一致。what’s the matter/wrong with句型中，what作东语，the matter/wrong作表语，因此行动宾语从句时如故这么的端正，而非选项B。

15. C。宾语从句用汇报句语序，抹杀A；whether or not中的whether不可用if替换；抹杀B；which带领宾语从句意为“哪一个”，不相宜题意。

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